Committee on Foreign Affairs Ordinary meeting
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AFET European Parliament
Follow its sittings
David McAllister
Thank you very much, D'Andre. Would anyone else like to take the floor? That is not the case. And before proceeding to the formal vote, let us, as always, do a test vote in order to check that all voting machines and voting cards are functioning properly. So I will now open the test vote.
Please indicate yes, no, or abstain. So we have 71 members present, and 67 have participated. I close the vote. And we have everything functioning. Yes?
Yep. Great. So we begin with item number five, the vote on the recommendation for the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly. Compromise amendment one in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move on to compromise amendment two in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Compromise amendment 90. Amendment 90. Oh, we go to amendment 90. And where is that, Martin?
Over here.
David McAllister
Oh, there. Yeah. Please. Tinkinen. So who's in favor, against, Abstentions.
We'll check this one. The vote is open. And it's closed. And this has been adopted 35 to 33. Compromise amendment three in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Then compromise amendment four in favor. Again, substitutions adopted. Compromise amendment five, in favor. Again, substitutions adopted. Compromise amendment six, in favor.
Again, abstentions adopted, and we already have the final vote. This is a roll call vote, and the vote is open. One colleague, now we're on board. 72. I close the vote, and this has been adopted.
52 yes and 18 against. Congratulations, Andre. We move on to item number 6. This is for a vote on the EU-Uzbekistan enhanced partnership and cooperation agreement, for which our rapporteur is Ilan Kuchuk. Ilan, would you like to take the floor?
Let's vote. You are, as always, a perfect rapporteur. So we start with the draft recommendation regarding the consent to the conclusion of the agreement. As no amendments have been tabled, we can move straight to the final vote by roll-call. The vote is open.
The vote is closed, and this has been adopted by 55 in favor and 16 against. Congratulations to the rapporteur. We move on to item number 7. This is for vote on the draft report containing the accompanying resolution on the conclusion of the EU-Uzbekistan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement. Once again, Ilan, would you like to say something?
Let's vote again.
David McAllister
Very good, man. So compromise amendment one in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment two in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move to amendment 50. Jaw two in favor, against abstentions, that was rejected.
Compromise amendment three in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment four in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move to amendment 63, Mr. Zelle, in favor, against, abstentions rejected. 61 in favor, against abstentions rejected.
62 in favor, against. Abstentions. We'll check 62. The vote is open. The vote is closed.
This has been rejected, 39-33. 64, Monsieur Valet and others in favor, against, abstentions, rejected. 65 in favor, against, abstentions rejected. And 73 in favor, against abstentions, adopted. Compromise Amendment five in favor, against abstentions, adopted.
Compromise Amendment six in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise Amendment seven in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move to amendment 90, Mister Kuchuk, and others in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 91 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 94 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Compromise Amendment eight in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number nine in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise Amendment 10 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment 11 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment 12 in favor, against, abstentions.
Let's check the compromise amendment 12. We close.
Wow.
This has been rejected.
David McAllister
So now we continue with the individual. Something new. A 122 in favor, against abstentions. Well, we'll check at 122. Please, colleagues, do raise your hands a bit more.
122. The vote is open. The vote is closed. Oh. That means that's also rejected.
So this is also rejected. Wow. I mean, this is who speaks then. Okay.
David McAllister
So then we move on to 88. Niinisto in favor, against, abstentions. We're gonna check this one. 88, the vote is open. The vote is closed. This has been rejected.
Compromise Amendment 13 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 14 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 15 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Amendment 133, Georgiou in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Check.
Okay. A 133. Roll call vote. The vote is open. Check.
Just check. Electronic. Yes. Sorry. Electronic vote.
Sorry.
Apologies, chairman.
David McAllister
But it's good. It's been adopted. I mean, today, that's good news. Whatever we just voted on. So Compromise Amendment 16 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
17 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move on to the individual amendment 151, in favor, against, abstentions, adopted. Compromise amendment 18 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 156 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment 19 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
163, Mr. Stoyanov in favor, against, abstentions, rejected. Compromise Amendment 20 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. 21 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. And now we vote on the draft text as amended, and this is a roll call vote.
The vote is open. The vote is closed. This has been adopted. 48 in favor, 4 against, and 21 abstentions. Item number eight, the commission report on Turkey.
The rapporteur is Nacho Sánchez Amor. Nacho, would you like to take the floor?
Nacho Sánchez Amor
Yes. Briefly, just to express my gratitude to the rapporteur negotiators, the civil society interlocutors, many interlocutors in the civil society, and the Turkish authorities at the embassy towards European Union. Thank you.
David McAllister
Thank you, Nacho, and thanks for the hard work. Would somebody else like to take the floor? That is not the case, then. We vote. Compromise Amendment one in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Number two in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number three in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number four in favor, again, abstentions, adopted. Number five in favor, again, abstentions, adopted. Number six in favor, again abstentions adopted.
Number seven in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number eight in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number nine in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment number 10 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 11 in favor.
Again, substitutions adopted. Number 12 in favor. Again, substitutions adopted. Compromise amendment 12a in favor. Again, substitutions adopted.
Compromise amendment 13 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 14 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 15 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 16 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 16a in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
And now we go to compromise amendments seventeen and eighteen: in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 19 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 20 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 21 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 22 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Number 23 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 24 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. We move on to compromise amendment 25 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 26 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 27 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Number 28 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 29 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 30 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 31 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 32 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Number 33 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 34 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment 35 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Compromise amendment 36 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 37 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
Number 38 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 39 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 40 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 41 in favor, against, abstentions adopted. Number 42 in favor, against, abstentions adopted.
That was a perfect voting list. We move on to the final vote. This is a roll call vote, and the vote is open. The vote is closed. 44 in favor, 10 against, 17 abstentions.
Congratulations, Natural. Colleagues, that was today's voting session. We continue our meeting together with Inter in ten minutes, at 09:30. Thank you.
David McAllister
Please be seated. Let's continue our meeting. We now move to the joint debate with the International Trade Committee concerning the consent procedure on the political, economic and cooperation strategic partnership agreement between the European Union and Mexico, also known as the EU-Mexico global agreement and the related interim report. Let me start by welcoming the chair of the committee on international trade, our friend, Bernd Lange, and all inter members. If there are no objections, I propose to adopt the draft agenda of this joint effort inter meeting as well as the minutes of the joint meeting on November 4 without any changes.
Dear colleagues, the EU-Mexico global agreement certainly represents a landmark step in the EU strategic partnership with Latin America. From a geopolitical standpoint, the conclusion of this agreement is particularly timely, as Europe works to diversify its strategic partnerships and reduce dependencies. Mexico, as the second largest economy in Latin America and as a G20 member, is a strategic partner of great importance. This agreement sends a clear signal that the European Union is committed to deepening its ties with the region on the basis of multilateralism, reciprocity, and mutual respect. The consent procedure ahead of us gives Parliament a central role in determining whether this agreement enters into force.
AFET, as lead committee on the foreign affairs and political dimensions of this agreement, bears a particular responsibility in ensuring that parliament's voice is heard on all matters relating to the political partnership, human rights conditionality, and the broader strategic context. Before giving the floor to our two co-rapporteurs, I'm now happy to give the floor to Bernd Lange for his introductory remarks.
Bernd Lange
Thanks a lot, David, and thanks a lot for having this really good working relation between the AFET and the Inter Committee over the last years. This is really an improvement, and I'm really proud that we could manage, David and I, this really cooperative way of working. And of course, in foreign affairs, trade and foreign policy is so close and is getting more and more together. And therefore, it's really important that the parliament is dealing in the same way with the necessities. And this is also reflected in the modernization of the global agreement between the EU and Mexico.
We have, on the one hand, the trade part, which is in the Inter Committee, but on the other hand, the political part of the agreement. And, of course, we are coordinating these two processes very closely so that we have a vote at the same time and a clear signal towards the Mexican friends that we are working in a common manner and in favor of this agreement. And, I guess, regarding the content, it's totally clear that in this geopolitical situation, the close relation to Mexico is really a key to our partnership in Latin America. And therefore, I'm looking forward now to the debate. And I hope that we can have a wonderful joint exercise in concluding this agreement.
Thanks a lot.
David McAllister
Thank you very much, dear Bernd. And indeed, once again, this agreement shows the excellent cooperation between Inter and AFET. I would now give the floor to our co-rapporteurs. First, Shabby Lopez for AFET, followed by Mister Borja Jimenez Laraes for Inter. Both of you have 5 minutes.
Javi López
Shabby. Thank.
You, chairman. Today, we are here to discuss the draft report on the consent procedure on the modernized global agreement between the EU and Mexico. This is a global agreement governing political, trade, and cooperation relations between the EU and Mexico. That has been the case since 2000. Mexico is a strategic partner of the European Union, one of 10.
That has been the case since 2008. One of the two partners in the region. Since 2016, we have spent the last 10 years working on modernizing the agreement. We now have a draft. We, as parliament, now need to give our consent to an agreement with this friendly country, this like-minded ally.
We share values and a belief in multilateralism. Mexico is a giant in all areas, a trade giant, one of the largest economies in Latin America. It is a member of G20. It is a strategic heavyweight, a bridge between America and Europe, the Global South, and the West. That is the role it currently plays in the international arena.
We have a huge heritage, history, and an excellent relationship. We have over 130,000,000 citizens, so a demographic heavyweight as well, a very young population. So this is a political, economic, trade, and cultural heavyweight. We have 10% of the global biodiversity in Mexico, huge natural resources. This is a wonderful example of a like-minded partner for the European Union.
We live in turbulent times, democracy, rule of law, multilateralism, international law, peace, all being called into question by authoritarian powers. And so like-minded partners who share our strategic interests are very important, and we must be able to nurture those ties and strengthen those relationships. Now, this agreement improves our trade relationship. We'll hear more about this from the Interrapporter. We will have a more predictable relationship, strengthen our geopolitical ties through the global agreement.
This is not just a trade agreement. It is a step further down the route of a stronger geopolitical relationship. It will be based on international law, justice, and human rights. The agreement fosters dialogue and cooperation between the EU and Mexico on common values, human rights, democracy, and rule of law. The aim is to protect and defend all those on both sides of the Atlantic.
We will work together to fight against organized crime, drug trafficking, corruption, protect multilateralism, and better commitment to the UN, G20, and WTO. This is a key agreement to tackle the challenges we face in both regions. Allow me to say that I am proud of this process. We, as Europeans, see a pullback, a withdrawal from the international arena in many areas. But we have pushed forward international agreements, Mercosur, Mexico, India.
We are negotiating with real giants in the international arena. The parliament now needs to do its job. We've seen 10 years of negotiations. We need to send a strong political message. Be constructive.
We need to reach out to Mexico. We need to remind Europe, remind Europeans that this type of agreement, diversifying our ties around the world, is a real geopolitical guarantee in the world in which we live today.
David McAllister
Thank you very much, dear Javier Lopez, for your statement. And now I give the floor to Borje Jimenez Lara. Thank.
Borja Giménez Larraz
You, chairman. Honorable members, Mexico cannot remain solely the ally of those on the other side of the pond. We've been working on this agreement for 10 years. Since 2000, we have seen sweeping changes in international trade and elsewhere. There are three reasons why this agreement is very important.
Firstly, it is vital for the competitiveness of European businesses. It offers them opportunities for SMEs. All remaining tariffs will be virtually removed. On meat, for example pig meat, this is vital for our exporters, our farmers. It will protect 568 European geographical indicators.
It will be vital for motorcars, pharmaceuticals, health care products, and the food industry. It will be vital for protecting intellectual property rights and securing public procurement access. There will be greater access to services for the European Union. We could see an increase of over 65%, vast impact on European GDP, a real boost. We will save some €100,000,000 in customs duties.
Our businesses need this agreement. Second reason why we need this agreement is that it demonstrates that the European Union is committed to Latin America, a key region. We share historic, cultural, political ties. It is no coincidence that this is the first agreement that contains a specific anti-corruption clause. Third reason, this agreement goes well beyond trade.
It is vital for geopolitical reasons to diversify ties for the European Union and Latin America. It would be truly negligent to not move forward with this project in the current fraught times. This is a signal that we are open to the world. It is more important than ever. We need to be clear.
Now, there are some concerns that may affect legal certainty in Mexico, that may have a bearing on European companies. And those concerns have been shared. There are a number of amendments. And I believe that we have a relationship of trust between the two parties. And we must be honest and clear when tackling such issues.
First possible concern is how effective the agreement will be, that will rely on there being strong judicial independence and rule of law. We've seen recent electoral and judicial reform in Mexico, and that has triggered concerns. It may be a challenge to competitiveness. It's very difficult to have investment if you don't have legal certainty. What about security concerns?
We've seen violence, drug trafficking, and corruption. Those are not isolated incidents. We have cartels in Mexico that have infiltrated the police and political structures, the judiciary. And that has a knock-on effect on the business community. What about energy?
That is vital as well when it comes to trade. We regret the fact that there is no dedicated energy chapter in the agreement. That is a disincentive when it comes to investment, and needs to be taken on board in any future review. Allow me to conclude by saying that work began in 2016. A decade onwards, we are on the brink of signing a historic agreement between the EU and Mexico that would transform this historic relationship and make it fit for the twenty-first century.
This is an agreement where we need to offer a resounding yes for our future. Thank you.
Bernd Lange
And now we switch to the shadow of our. And first is for the EPP, Afed, Anna Pedro.
Ana Miguel Pedro
Thank you, Mr. Chair. Dear colleagues, allow me to address you in the beautiful language of Portuguese. First.
Of all, I'd like to thank the rapporteurs, Javier Lopez and my friend Borja Jimenez, for the work which has gone into this report. Looking at our economic and cooperation strategic partnership agreement between the EU and Mexico, there are clear economic and geopolitical reasons that make this extremely valuable. The instability, the uncertainties, geopolitically make it extremely useful. So it's not just a technical instrument. It's not just a trade agreement.
need
Ana Miguel Pedro
to take account of the political and institutional realities on the ground, too. In terms of a credible application of the agreement, there are concerns. There are concerns about rule of law, security, freedom of the press, social rights, normal functioning of democratic institutions, and there is an unacceptable lack of institutional response to violence, particularly femicide. And we are seeing problems that we really can't just brush off and relativize. This has to be part of our political, institutional, democratic approach because of our values.
So that means we can support the agreement, but also say, look at what organized crime is doing. Look at these huge levels of violence. Look at what public sector institutions do or fail to do. Look at the threats to the electoral system. There is a very uncomfortable environment for journalists, human rights activists, and others.
So I'm not in any way trying to undermine the agreement or suggest that it is not valuable. It's just we need to remember our core European values, and we need to defend them too. I want the agreement to be more robust and sustainable. And that's why I've got some amendments. It's about structural considerations that have to be part of our approach.
The European Parliament cannot be choosing between the geopolitical importance and the actual political importance on the ground. We have to do both.
Bernd Lange
Thanks a lot. And now for the s and d, it's Javier replacing our shallow naturals.
Nacho Sánchez Amor
Okay. I'm taking the turn of the caller, Hannah Jalloul. Thank.
You, chairman. We have heard a presentation made by Javier Lopez and Borja Jimenez. Thank you. We can understand that this is more than your average trade agreement. We have a sense of urgency when it comes to signing agreements with as many partners as possible, but Mexico is not just any trade partner, as Javier Lopez explained very clearly.
This is very important. This is a good text. It strengthens our approach to multilateralism, working with a reliable partner, a partner that is in a tricky position with a neighbor that has a rather complicated view of international relations. We see Mexico as a political ally. There are areas where further work is required, has been flagged.
Mexico is a vital partner for Europe. We tend to allow these issues to get wrapped up in domestic policies. But it is important we look at all that is gained in public procurement. For example, the work on development we have referenced to the Paris Agreement, anti-corruption provision. That is an innovative approach in our trade policy.
Our group will try to improve the agreement even further, but we do recognize that this is an agreement that we welcome, one that strengthens our positions and strengthens the position of our key trade ally that is in a very difficult position at the moment. Thank you.
Bernd Lange
And now we have the pretty words. And for Afrid patriots, it's Hermann Terc.
Cristian Terheş
Wasn't going to take the floor, but I would like to stress how important this agreement is, the EU Mexico agreement, not because we shouldn't have an agreement with its neighbor who is also Mexico's main partner. We've got a lot of agreements on the table right now, and everybody is praising them to the skies. And we're seeing this rather grotesque spectacle of Spanish prime minister Sanchez going off to China and talking about a preferential agreement with China as some kind of wonderful achievement that puts us on the right side of history, making all kinds of bizarre statements because of his anti-Americanism. Our main foreign partner is still the US. The main investor is still the US.
We need a good agreement with Mexico. Yes. We don't have the same kind of problem with Mexico that we do have with other states in The Americas, and that makes everything, he said, but I just don't like this sort of taint that everybody's putting on it to have a dig at the US. I mean, get a grip. It's counterproductive apart from anything else.
Bernd Lange
Thanks a lot. Now we switch to the ECR, and there is the shadow from Inter Emmanuel Fakas.
Emmanouil Fragkos
Thank you, chair. It seems that there is a widespread political consensus for the approval of this agreement with the United States of Mexico. In our political group, we also agree on the updating of this agreement. The good news is that production in Mexico is not competitive with ours. It is complementary.
It's a new market for our products, for our companies. It facilitates access to the big market of the U. S. Of course, we have to protect the designation of origin products. This agreement with Mexico releases pressures on having agreements with other parties.
And of course, it supports multilateralism. We cannot have trade if we do not have predictability, security and the rule of law, which will make sure that our agreements are being held, upheld and are not being violated. It is, of course, problematic, the fact that we have pinkwashing at the political level. Of course, we disagree with that, and the majority of the European Parliament disagrees with that. The left should not stay with that.
Mexico is, of course, a state without institutions. There is corruption. History has shown that trade containers hide a lot. We don't want to have a new channel for the trade in drugs. We want to help Mexico deal with its mafia.
We will submit amendments in this direction, and we encourage all political groups to do that, because if we do not export stability, we will import problems. Thank you.
Bernd Lange
Thanks a lot. And now we switch to renew, and Joao is speaking twice for Afrat and Inter as shadow.
João Cotrim De Figueiredo
Yes. Thank you, Cherry. Very wide ranging in our abilities here. And thank you, chair, for the effort as well. Let's start with the basics.
Renew strongly favors this historical agreement because at the moment when rules-based trading system is under serious pressure and protectionism is back in fashion, signing a comprehensive values-based agreement with a major democratic partner like Mexico sends exactly the right signal. This trade deal is also a geopolitical statement about the kind of global order that we'd like to defend. On the trade period, the economic case is compelling, and I believe we should be more clear about this in the report. We are talking about €82,000,000,000 in trade, the potential 75% increase in EU exports, and significantly significant savings in customs duties. Tariffs that are still extremely high today, some of them up to 100%, will be removed.
And with around 83 percent of European Union exports to Mexico being SMEs, the benefits can be broad based. As I said, the economic case is so compelling that we should really brag about this. But tariff removal alone is not enough. If this agreement is to deliver, we need real progress on non-tariff barriers, regulatory obstacles, and market access in practice. Open trade must also mean fair, stable, and predictable conditions, with legal certainty for investors and a genuine level playing field.
This is particularly important, given the ongoing developments in Mexico. Questions around the regulatory stability, including in the energy sector and broader rule of law concerns, cannot be ignored. This agreement includes important provisions on anti-corruption and governance, which must be fully implemented and actively monitored, without which the deal will not serve its purposes. On substance, there is an area where we need to go further: energy. The absence of a comprehensive chapter is a regrettable gap, and the review clause must deliver a stable, nondiscriminatory framework, namely for renewable energies.
Last but not least, a word on SMEs. Because simplification must translate into fewer barriers and lower costs, our trade policy should empower European smaller firms to grow and compete globally. Competitiveness starts with simplicity. If smaller firms cannot easily benefit from this agreement, then we have not done our job. Worse, we have done a bad job.
Renew will be a constructive partner in this process. We want to report that matches the strategic importance of this agreement, ambitions on trade, serious implementation, and clarity on the need for a level playing field. This is for the good of Europe and the good of all its citizens. Thank you very much.
Thank you.
Anna Cavazzini
Yes. Thank you so much. As my colleague said, we, as greens, are, of course, in favor, and we are also living it as a group in strong EU-Mexico cooperation. We are having close contact partners there for years with civil society. And I think Mexico is really one of our strongest allies in the world, and this is especially important when you look at how geopolitical tensions are rising, especially how Mexico is also suffering from the same, I would say, unpredictable, unlawfulness partner that the European Union is struggling with.
So closing the lines vis-à-vis other more authoritarian regimes in the world is important. And for that, also, this agreement is important. But, of course, it is also necessary to look at the substance of the agreement.
And there, I really hope that some of the big use of this parliament will also be finally put by the commission in some of the future agreements. Example, this parliament had clearly asked in the last term for a reform of our investment protection model.
Because we see that the current model has serious risks, where you let investors just sue governments for any policy change. And this parliament asked for clear safeguards for cover for fossil fuel protection, for example, and also for the right to regulate, and this Mexico agreement still has the updated model, but not the model that the parliament wants. And I sincerely hope that the commission will, in future agreement, look closer at what this parliament had asked for.
Secondly, of course, a closer cooperation also in economic terms. Cannot come at the expense of the environment or human rights. And they are I my group had wished for the New Zealand model and model that is also now in this Australia trade agreement to make sustainability, not a nice icing on the cake, but make sustainability the integral part of the agreement.
We also see, unfortunately, that although there is a human rights clause, it was almost never used in the past. And a lot of colleagues, rightly so, mentioned that we have serious human rights violations in Mexico.
I just had several calls with civil society this week, and the reports from civil society on what's happening on the ground also actually in mining. And this is also what this agreement will increase: raw material access.
Also, by European companies, that this human rights clause is not operational at the end. And I think it's really also important that the commission thinks about a new, more operational human rights clause in future trade agreements.
And I'm still sad and shocked that this parliament weakened the due diligence legislation because, of course, the strong due diligence legislation in Europe would have been a good solution to also tackle human rights violations of European companies in Mexico. But, unfortunately, we decided too much bureaucracy.
So, these are my, basically, criticisms of the agreement as such. But, of course, as I said, a closer EU-Mexican cooperation is important. I just think we need to work more to have better results for the people, for the planet.
Thank you.
Bernd Lange
Thanks a lot. Now switching to the left. And there we have Manon Aubrey.
Manon Aubry
Very much. Cheers. Colleagues. It's sort of Groundhog Day in the European Parliament, same old, same old with a new free trade agreement. Much jubilation.
We've got it with Mexico. Please, everyone, applaud. Everyone say what a wonderful agreement it is. Well, I'm afraid I'm a bit fed up with it. That because when we look at these free trade agreements, we hear
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